Still above is Vaikuntha, heaven, abode of God. High above the sky stands Swarga, paradise, abode of the gods. The application of Jaya in several engineering disciplines is critically assessed and its success compared with other complex optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and other recently developed algorithms. The Jaya algorithm is an algorithm-specific parameter-less algorithm that builds on other advanced optimization techniques. Such problems cannot be solved using classical methods and advanced optimization methods need to be applied. In real complex optimization problems, the number of parameters to be optimized can be very large and their influence on the goal function can be very complicated and nonlinear in character. It describes the algorithm, discusses its differences with other advanced optimization techniques, and examines the applications of versions of the algorithm in mechanical, thermal, manufacturing, electrical, computer, civil and structural engineering. This book introduces readers to the “Jaya” algorithm, an advanced optimization technique that can be applied to many physical and engineering systems. It describes what can happen to an indigenous population when insensitive governments and avaricious multinationals are more concerned about profits than the environment or the people inhabiting the land. Irian Jaya under the Gun chronicles the rapid changes that are taking place under the guise of Indonesian economic development and its generally pro-crony, pro-military, pro-multinational corporation, and anti-Papuan thrust. It is a region ripe for economic exploitation. Made up of Melanesian peoples, the western part of New Guinea is one of the least developed places on earth with the largest expanses outside the Amazon of untouched and, in some cases still unexplored, rainforest and wilderness. The majority of the indigenous people of the area consider themselves West Papuans living in the land of West Papua, a country incorporated into the Indonesian state without their consent or approval.

Jim Elmslie traces events in Irian Jaya/West Papua from the departure of the Dutch in 1963 to December 1999.

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